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HIV
Prevention in Maternal Health
Services
UNFPA and EngenderHealth, 2004
This two-volume set (programming guide and
training guide) is designed to address the
challenge of enabling HIV-negative women who
become pregnant to remain infection-free. The
programming guide will help policymakers,
program managers, and trainers address
programming gaps in the prevention of HIV and
other sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
in maternal health services and increase
maternal health providers' capacity to
provide pregnant and postpartum women with
HIV and STI prevention services and
referrals. Packaged with the programming
guide is a key messages card, a stand-alone
laminated card showing 10 key prevention
messages for counselors to impart to pregnant
and postpartum women. The training guide
provides a series of activities designed to
build the capacity of program managers and
staff to offer integrated HIV and STI
services for pregnant and postpartum clients
within their particular service-delivery
setting.
(Adapted from EngenderHealth -
www.engenderhealth.org)
http://www.engenderhealth.org/files/pubs/hiv-aids-stis/hiv_prev_training_gde.pdf
Walking
the talk: putting women's rights at the heart
of the HIV and AIDS response
ActionAid and Voluntary Service Overseas
(VSO), 2008
Using research from 13 countries, this report
demonstrates that gender inequalities and the
persistent and systematic violation of their
rights are leaving women and girls
disproportionately vulnerable to HIV and
AIDS. The report incorporates the voices and
perspectives of women and girls using quotes
and stories to bring to life the barriers
they face in accessing HIV and AIDS
prevention, treatment, care and support, as
well as the challenges faced by women care
providers. It calls upon governments in rich
and poor countries, as well as multilateral
organisations and civil society, to take
specific steps to place women's rights at the
heart of their responses to HIV and AIDS.
(Adapted from Siyanda, UK -
www.siyanda.org)
http://www.actionaid.org.uk/doc_lib/walking_the_talk_hiv_and_aids_report.pdf
The Care
Economy: Gender and the Silent AIDS Crisis in
Southern Africa
Stephanie Urdang, 2005
This article considers the impact of AIDS on
women's roles and responsibilities within the
household 'care economy'. In particular, it
emphasizes that all interventions aimed at
reversing the AIDS epidemic need to take into
account the excessive work-load that members
of the household, usually women, shoulder in
responding to the needs of sick family
members. Most notably, gender equality and
care economy issues need to be identified by
development programmes. There is also a need
to implement policies that focus on issues
such as treatment, prevention, education,
economic empowerment and violence against
women. The article argues that unless the
care economy and the relations of gender
inequality within the household are included
in the design, implementation, monitoring and
evaluation of such interventions, results
will be compromised.
(Adapted from source)
http://www.iwtc.org/urdang.pdf
Support
Women Caregivers: Fight AIDS
The Global Fund for Women and AIDS,
2006
In the wake of HIV/AIDS lies a growing burden
of caring for the sick, the dying, and those
left behind. In countries hardest hit, most
of the care for people living with HIV takes
place in the home, and up to 90% of that is
provided by women and girls. The inability of
health systems to care for all those living
with HIV who are in need of services has led
many governments to rely on home-based care
to fill the gap. Most of those who provide
this care are unpaid and already quite poor,
and the additional financial and emotional
burden of administering care frequently
pushes them into destitution. Therefore,
caregivers, particularly women and girls,
need more economic, technical, and social
support for providing this essential yet too
often unrecognized service &endash; and this
support must be made central to AIDS
strategies. This is a short issue brief on
the challenges facing women caregivers,
specifically in developing countries.
(Adapted from source)
http://data.unaids.org/pub/FactSheet/2006/20060719_GCWA_FS_Support_Women_Caregivers_en.pdf
Care,
Women and AIDS
UNAIDS and UNIFEM, 2004
This two page fact sheet outlines how
HIV/AIDS has significantly increased the care
burden for many women. Poverty and poor
public services have also combined with AIDS
to turn the care burden for women into a
crisis with far-reaching social, health and
economic consequences. The term 'care
economy' is sometimes used to describe the
many tasks carried out mostly by women and
girls at home such as cooking, cleaning,
fetching water and many other activities
associated with caring for the young, sick
and elderly in the household. The value of
the time, energy and resources required to
perform this unpaid work is hardly recognized
and accounted for, despite its critical
contribution to the overall economy and
society in general.
http://data.unaids.org/GCWA/gcwa_bg_care_en.pdf
ICW VISION
PAPER 2: Access to Care, Treatment and
Support (ACTS)
International Community of Women Living
with HIV/AIDS, 2004
In 2002, over one million women around the
world died of AIDS. Access to antiretroviral
treatment (ART) could reduce this figure
drastically. ART has turned HIV into a much
more manageable chronic condition which may
no longer be a death sentence. However, ICW
is keen to point out that treatment is not
just about providing ART; care, support and
other medications are also needed for all HIV
positive people.
(Adapted from UNIFEM Gender and AIDS Portal -
www.genderandaids.org)
http://www.genderandaids.org/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=503
Increase
Women's Control Over HIV Prevention: Fight
AIDS
The Global Coalition on Women and
HIV/AIDS, 2006
Women account for nearly half of HIV
infections worldwide and almost two-thirds of
those among young people, with female
infections rising in almost every region. Yet
twenty-five years into the global AIDS
epidemic, there is still no widely available
technology that women can both initiate and
control to protect themselves from HIV. This
is a short issue brief that addresses the
fact that women lack the appropriate
resources to protect themselves from
infection and highlights the inadequacy of
current methods of protection and the need
for new strategies and methods.
http://data.unaids.org/pub/BriefingNote/2006/20060530_FS_Women%27s%20HIV%20Prevention%20Control_en.pdf
Male
Circumcision and HIV/AIDS: Opportunities and
Challenges
Sharif R. Sawires, MA; Shari L. Dworkin,
PhD, MS; and Thomas J. Coates, PhD, 2007
This report summarizes available information
on male circumcision as an HIV prevention
strategy, and the policy and prevention
implications of its implementation. To this
end, the report examines: adult male
circumcision; other health benefits; the
implications for women's health; biological
mechanisms responsible for reduced
susceptibility to HIV infection and other
medical benefits among circumcised males;
medical professional group policy statements
pertaining to male circumcision; challenges
related to male circumcision; ethical
concerns; and potential next steps. While the
results of the recently stopped clinical
trials demonstrating the protective effect of
male circumcision on HIV infection are
extremely promising and can have enormous
impact on the HIV epidemic, there are
numerous implementation challenges,
contextual considerations, and ethical
concerns that require rigorous attention.
(Adapted from source)
http://www.aidsvaccineclearinghouse.org/MC/circumcision_paper_sawires_dworkin_coates.pdf
The IMAGE
Project: Using microfinance to empower women
& address poverty, gender based violence
& HIV
The Small Enterprise Foundation
The IMAGE (Intervention with Microfinance for
AIDS and Gender Equity) Project involved over
850 women and 4,000 young people in rural
South Africa, and is the first
cluster-randomized intervention trial to
address the links between poverty, gender
inequalities, and HIV &endash; what UNAIDS
has called the 'triple threat' to
development. The project wanted to test
whether combining a microfinance programme
with participatory gender and HIV training
can improve economic well-being, empower
women, and lead to reductions in intimate
partner violence. This document provides
information about the results of the project
and where to find more information.
http://www.lshtm.ac.uk/genderviolence/reports/imagebrochforweb.pdf
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Taking
action...
How
to Integrate Gender into HIV/AIDS
Programs: Using Lessons Learned from
USAID and Partner Organizations
Interagency Gender Working Group
and UNAIDS Gender and HIV/AIDS
Taskforce, 2004
About 45 percent of the people
living with HIV/AIDS at the end of
2002 were women. Developing
appropriate responses to the gender
issues that continue to make both
women and men vulnerable to HIV is
critical to all efforts in
preventing HIV transmission,
improving care and support for
victims, and mitigating the impacts
of the pandemic. This briefing
booklet was put together to give
program staff of USAID and partner
organizations field-based insights
on how to integrate gender into
HIV/AIDS programs in a practical
sense.
(Adapted from the UNIFEM Gender and
AIDS Portal - www.genderandaids.org)
http://www.prb.org/pdf04/HowToIntegrGendrHIV.pdf
The
Toolkit for targeted HIV/AIDS
prevention and care in sex work
settings
World Health Organization,
2004
In many parts of the world, sex
workers have been among the groups
most vulnerable to and most affected
by HIV since the beginning of the
AIDS pandemic. The toolkit is
intended as a resource to guide the
development and implementation of
effective HIV interventions in
diverse sex work settings. It
outlines key steps and issues and
provides links to many documents,
manuals, reports, and research
studies containing more detailed and
in-depth information.
http://who.arvkit.net/sw/en/index.jsp
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